Title: Immune Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP)<br/>Author: Haney Mallemat<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/785/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
Keep <strong>I</strong>mmune <strong>T</strong>hrombocytopenic <strong>P</strong>urpura (ITP) in your differential for patients with thrombocytopenia and evidence of bleeding. Although ITP has classically been described in children, it can occur in adults; especially between 3<sup>rd</sup>- 4<sup>th</sup> decade.</p>
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Thrombocytopenia leads to the extravasation of blood from capillaries, leading to skin bruising, mucus membrane petechial bleeding, and intracranial hemorrhage.</p>
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ITP occurs from production of auto-antibodies which bind to circulating platelets. This leads to irreversible uptake by macrophages in the spleen. Causes of antibody production include:</p>
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Medication exposure</li>
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Infection (usually viral), including HIV and hepatitis</li>
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Immune disorders (e.g., lupus)</li>
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Pregnancy</li>
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Idiopathic</li>
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Suspect ITP in patients with isolated thrombocytopenia on a CBC without other blood-line abnormalities. Abnormality in other blood-line warrants consideration of another diagnosis (e.g., leukemia).</p>
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ITP cannot be cured; treatments include:</p>
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Steroid to suppress antibody production (first-line therapy)</li>
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Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)</li>
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IV Rho immunoglobulin (for Rh+ patients only)</li>
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Rituximab +/- dexamethasone</li>
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Splenectomy (rare cases of massive hemorrhage refractory to pharmacologic treatment)</li>
</ul>