Title: XDR Tuberculosis<br/>Author: Andrea Tenner<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/1069/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
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<strong><em>General Information:</em></strong></p>
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XDR TB is “extensively drug resistant tuberculosis”—resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, any fluoroquinolone, and at least one of the 3 injectable 2<sup>nd</sup> line drugs</p>
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<strong><em>Clinical Presentation:</em></strong></p>
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- Identical to regular TB (weight loss, fevers, night sweats, cough, hemoptysis)</p>
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- Suspect in patients who are failing usual treatment</p>
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-Exposure in Eastern Europe or Russia (highest prevalence, although 84 countries have had documented XDR, including the US.)</p>
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<strong><em>Diagnosis:</em></strong></p>
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- Plating on agar or liquid media for drug susceptibility testing</p>
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<strong><em>Treatment:</em></strong></p>
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- Should be guided by susceptibility testing</p>
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- Isolate the patient!</p>
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<strong><em>Bottom Line:</em></strong></p>
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XDR TB is increasing in prevalence, have a high index of suspicion in patients with persistent symptoms who are receiving treatment and isolate if any concerns.</p>
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<strong>University of Maryland Section of Global Emergency Health</strong></p>
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<strong>Author: Andi Tenner, MD, MPH</strong></p>
<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
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Abubakar I, Zignol M, Falzon D, et al. Drug-resistant tuberculosis: time for visionary political leadership. The Lancet. 2013. Accessed online at <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70030-6">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(13)70030-6</a> on August 14, 2013.</p>
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http://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/factsheets/drtb/xdrtb.htm</p>
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