Title: Mythbuster: No Cross-Reactivity Between Sulfonamide Antibiotics and Non-Antibiotics<br/>Author: Bryan Hayes<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/369/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
There is minimal evidence of cross-reactivity between sulfonamide antibiotics and non-antibiotics [1-4]. Despite this, the U.S. FDA-approved product information for many non-antibiotic sulfonamide drugs contains warnings concerning possible cross-reactions.</p>
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<strong>Key Findings from a New Review Article [5]</strong>:</p>
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<li>
An estimated 3-6% of the general population is allergic to sulfonamides.</li>
<li>
Structurally, none of the non-antibiotic sulfonamides exhibit both of the features shown to be responsible for sulfonamide reactions (i.e., an N-containing ring attached to the N1 nitrogen of the sulfonamide group and an arylamine group at the N4 position).</li>
<li>
A comprehensive literature search (1966-December 2011) identified only 9 case reports indicating possible cross-reactivity to sulfonamide medications; however, in most cases, adequate patient testing was not conducted to firmly establish either sulfa allergy or sulfonamide cross-sensitivity.</li>
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<p>
<u>Bottom line</u>: You can feel safe prescribing furosemide, glyburide, and hydrochlorothiazide to your patient with an allergy to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim.</p>
<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
<ol>
<li>
​Strom BL, et al. Absence of cross-reactivity between sulfonamide antibiotics and sulfonamide nonantibiotics. <em>N Engl J Med</em> 2003;349(17):1628-35. [<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14573734">PMID 14573734</a>]</li>
<li>
Hemstreet BA, et al. Sulfonamide allergies and outcomes related to use of potentially cross-reactive drugs in hospitalized patients. <em>Pharmacotherapy</em> 2006;26(4):551-7. [<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16553515">PMID 16553515</a>]</li>
<li>
Lee AG, et al. Presumed "sulfa allergy" in patients with intracranial hypertension treated with acetazolamide or furosemide: cross-reactivity, myth or reality? <em>Am J Ophthalmol</em> 2004;138(1):114-8. [<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15234289">PMID 15234289</a>]</li>
<li>
Johnson KK, et al. Sulfonamide cross-reactivity: fact or fiction? <em>Ann Pharmacother</em> 2005;39(2):290-301. [<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15644481">PMID 15644481</a>]</li>
<li>
Wulf NR, et al. Sulfonamide cross-reactivity: Is there evidence to support broad cross-allergenicity? <em>Am J Health-Syst Pharm</em> 2013;70(17):1483-94. [<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23943179">PMID 23943179</a>]</li>
</ol>
<p>
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