Title: TRALI- Transfusion related lung injury<br/>Author: Feras Khan<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/1145/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
<strong>Background</strong></p>
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Acute lung injury that develops within 6 hours after transfusion of 1 or more units of blood or blood components.</li>
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Increased risk with greater number of transfusions</li>
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Incidence is 1 in 4000</li>
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<strong>Definition</strong></p>
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Acute onset</li>
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Hypoxemia (PaO2/FiO2 < 300 mm Hg)</li>
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Bilateral pulmonary opacities on chest x-ray</li>
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Absence of left atrial hypertension</li>
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<p>
<strong>Pathogenesis</strong></p>
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Two-hit hypothesis: first hit is underlying patient factors causing adherence of neutrophils to the pulmonary endothelium; second hit is caused by mediators in the blood transfusion that activate the neutrophils and endothelial cells.</p>
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<strong>Differential</strong></p>
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Can be confused or overlap with TACO or transfusion-associated volume/circulatory overload, which presents similarly but has evidence of increased BNP, CVP, pulmonary wedge pressure, and left sided heart pressures. Patients with TACO tend to improve with diuretic treatment</p>
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<strong>Supportive tests</strong></p>
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Echocardiogram </li>
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BNP (tends to be low)</li>
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Transient leukopenia</li>
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<strong>Treatment</strong></p>
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Supportive care</li>
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Lung protective ventilation strategies</li>
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Fluid restrictive strategy</li>
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Aspirin (shown to be helpful in animal studies)</li>
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Pre-washing of stored RBCs prior to transfusion</li>
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Decrease the amount of transfusions!</li>
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<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
<p>
<a href="http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.proxy-hs.researchport.umd.edu/pubmed/23642914" title="Lancet.">Lancet.</a> 2013 Sep 14;382(9896):984-94. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62197-7. Epub 2013 May 1.</p>
<h1>
Transfusion-related acute lung injury: a clinical review.</h1>
<p>
<a href="http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.proxy-hs.researchport.umd.edu/pubmed?term=Vlaar%20AP%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23642914">Vlaar AP</a>, <a href="http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.proxy-hs.researchport.umd.edu/pubmed?term=Juffermans%20NP%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23642914">Juffermans NP</a>.</p>
</fieldset>