Title: One for All or Two for Some? Double-coverage for presumed pseudomonal infections?<br/>Author: Haney Mallemat<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/785/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
The morbidity and mortality from pseudomonas aeruginosa infections is high and empiric double-antibiotic coverage (DAC) is sometimes given; quality evidence for this practice is lacking.</p>
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Although there is little supporting data, the following reasons have been given for DAC:</p>
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DAC provides better empiric coverage through differing mechanisms of antibiotic action</li>
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DAC prevents the emergence of antibiotic resistance during therapy</li>
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The potential harm of antibiotic overuse cannot be ignored, however, and include adverse reaction, microbial resistance, risk of super-infection with other organisms (e.g., Clostridium difficile), and cost.</p>
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There may be a signal in the literature demonstrating a survival benefit when using DAC for patients with shock, hospital-associated pneumonia, or neutropenia. The IDSA guidelines, however, do not support DAC for neutropenia alone; only with neutropenia plus pneumonia or gram-negative bacteremia.</p>
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<u><strong>Bottom line:</strong></u> Little data supports the routine use of DAC in <strong>presumed</strong> pseudomonal infection. It may be considered in patients with <strong>shock, hospital-associated pneumonia, or neutropenia</strong> (+/- pneumonia), but consult your hospital’s antibiogram or ID consultant for local practices.</p>
<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
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<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21258094">Freifeld, A. et al Clinical practice guideline for the use of antimicrobial agents in neutropenic patients with cancer: Clin Infect Dis 2011 Feb 15;52(4):e56-93.</a></p>
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<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21200057">Johnson, SJ et al. Is double coverage of gram-negative organisms necessary? Am J Health Syst Pharm 2011 Jan 15;68(2):119-24</a></p>
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