Title: Happy holidays! And rabies management....<br/>Author: Andrea Tenner<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/1069/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
<strong><em>Case Presentation:</em></strong></p>
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A 10 year old boy presents with a dog bite sustained 3 days ago, during a family trip to India. He has no prior history of vaccination and, at the time, he was taken to a local clinic where the wound was irrigated and he received a rabies vaccine.</p>
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<strong><em>Clinical Question:</em></strong></p>
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Now that his has come to your ED 3 days later, is there anything further to be done?</p>
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<strong><em>Answer:</em></strong></p>
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This patient should also receive rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) and complete his post-exposure prophylaxis. Post-exposure prophylaxis is a combination of rabies vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin (RIG).</p>
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<em><u>RIG:</u></em></p>
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Infiltrate the wound and surrounding tissue RIG 20 IU/kg (if human RIG) or 40 IU/kg (if equine RIG). </li>
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Can be administered up to 7 days after the first vaccine. </li>
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<em><u>Vaccine:</u></em></p>
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Several vaccine regimens are approved by the WHO. Based on the CDC guidelines, vaccination should be administered at day 0, 3, 7 and 14. </li>
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Had the patient received rabies immunization prior to travel, he would only need 2 vaccines should be given on days 0 and 3. </li>
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Thus our patient needs RIG today and 3 more vaccinations (one today and then one at days 7 and 14)</li>
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<strong><em>Bottom Line:</em></strong></p>
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Travelers at highest risk are individuals visiting families in endemic areas.</li>
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Often times, rabies IG is not available but can be administered up to 7 days after initial vaccination. </li>
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<strong>University of Maryland Section of Global Emergency Health</strong></p>
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<strong>Author: </strong>Jenny Reifel Saltzberg</p>
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<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
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<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/rabies/index.html">http://www.cdc.gov/rabies/index.html</a></p>
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<a href="http://www.who.int/rabies/en/">http://www.who.int/rabies/en/</a></p>
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Gautret P, Shaw M, Gazin P, et al. Rabies postexposure prophylaxis in returned injured travelers from France, Australia, and New Zealand: a retrospective study. J Travel Med. 2008 Jan-Feb;15(1):25-30.</p>
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Hatz CF, Kuenzli E, Funk M. Rabies: relevance, prevention, and management in travel medicine. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2012 Sep;26(3):739-53.</p>
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