Title: VAD thrombosis: A Must Know VAD Complication<br/>Author: John Greenwood<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/412/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p class="p1">
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<span style="color:#666666;font-size:10px;font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><u><strong>VAD thrombosis: A Must Know VAD Complication</strong></u></span></p>
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<span style="color:#666666;font-size:10px;font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><i>The HeartMate</i> left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is one of the most frequently placed LVADs today. Originally, it was thought to have a lower incidence of thrombosis due to its mechanical design. However, a recent multi-center study published in the NEJM reported a <b><i>dramatic increase in the rate of thrombosis</i></b> since 2011 in the HeartMate II device. The report found:</span></p>
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<span style="color:#666666;font-size:10px;font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">An increase in pump thrombosis at 3 months after implantation from <b>2.2% to 8.4%</b></span></p>
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<span style="color:#666666;font-size:10px;font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">The median time from implantation to thrombosis was <b>18.6 months prior to March 2011, to 2.7 months </b>after.</span></p>
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<strong><span style="color:#666666;font-size:10px;font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Pump thrombosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality (up to almost 50%!!) and is a can't miss diagnosis. It's important to keep thrombosis on the differential for any VAD patient presenting with:</span></strong></p>
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<span style="color:#666666;font-size:10px;font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Power spikes or low pump flow alarms on the patient's control box</span></p>
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<span style="color:#666666;font-size:10px;font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Pump (VAD) failure</span></p>
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<span style="color:#666666;font-size:10px;font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Recurrent/new heart failure</span></p>
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<span style="color:#666666;font-size:10px;font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Altered mental status</span></p>
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<span style="color:#666666;font-size:10px;font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Hypotension (MAP < 65)</span></p>
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<span style="color:#666666;font-size:10px;font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Signs of peripheral emboli (including acute CVA)</span></p>
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<strong><span style="color:#666666;font-size:10px;font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Useful lab findings suggestive of thrombosis include:</span></strong></p>
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<span style="color:#666666;font-size:10px;font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Evidence of hemolysis</span></p>
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<span style="color:#666666;font-size:10px;font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">LDH > 1,500 mg/dL or 2.5-3 times the upper limit of normal</span></p>
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<span style="color:#666666;font-size:10px;font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Hemoglobinuria</span></p>
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<span style="color:#666666;font-size:10px;font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Elevated plasma free hemoglobin</span></p>
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<span style="color:#666666;font-size:10px;font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong><u>Bottom Line:</u></strong> In the patient with suspected VAD thrombosis, it is important to contact the patient's VAD team immediately (CT surgeon, VAD coordinator/nurse, VAD engineer). Treatment should <b>begin with a continuous infusion of unfractionated heparin</b>, while other treatment options can be discussed with the VAD team.</span></p>
<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
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Starling RC, Moazami N, Silvestry SC, et al. Unexpected Abrupt Increase in Left Ventricular Assist Device Thrombosis. N Engl J Med. 2013.</p>
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<strong>Follow Me on Twitter: @medicalgraffiti</strong></p>
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<strong>Email: johncgreenwood@gmail.com </strong></p>
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