Title: FrostBite Treatment in honor of the Polar Vortex<br/>Author: Michael Bond<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/78/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:13px">
<strong>"Frozen in January, Amputate in June" </strong> - By Kinjal Sethuraman and Doug Sward</div>
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Frostbite can lead to major tissue damage even if initial presentation does not look so severe. Treatment is NOT the same as for burns. </div>
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<b>Treatment of Major Frostbite:</b></div>
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1. Rapid rewarming ASAP of affected area in 40 Celsius degree water until area is thawed (pink and pliable) Logistics are difficult because you have to maintain a constant water temperature- but only if you can maintain same degree of warmth. Rewarming and refreezing will lead to inevitable tissue death.</div>
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2. Wound care, Aloe Vera, ASA </div>
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3. DELAY surgery except in cases of sepsis or compartment syndrome.</div>
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<b>CUTTING EDGE:</b></div>
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If less than 24 hours since injury, consider diagnostic angiography and intra-arterial TPA,<span style="line-height:19.1875px;font-family:sans-serif"> </span><span style="line-height:19.1875px;font-family:sans-serif">and heparin infusion, Prostacyclin infusion.</span></li>
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Angiography and Bone Scan can be used to prognosticate clinical course.</li>
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Consider Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for moderate to severe frostbite- multiple case reports of significant improvement with HBOT even if delayed by several days. </li>
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<b>Treatment of Minor Frostbite:</b></div>
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1. Rewarm area</div>
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2. Ibuprofen</div>
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3. Aloe Vera and dressing changes</div>
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Reference attached from Wilderness Medical Society Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Frostbite <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21664561" target="_blank">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/<wbr />pubmed/21664561</a></div>