Title: LVAD Pearls<br/>Author: Michael Winters<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/141/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
<strong><u>Pearls for the Crashing LVAD Patient</u></strong></p>
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Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) are placed as a bridge to transplant, bridge to recovery, or as destination therapy.</li>
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As thousands of LVADs have been implanted, it is likely that a sick LVAD patient will show up in your ED or ICU.</li>
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In addition to pump thrombosis (UMEM pearl 12/31/13), two complications to also consider in the crashing LVAD patient include infection and arrhythmias.</li>
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Infection:
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The driveline and pump pocket are the most common locations for device infection.</li>
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Most are caused by <em>Staphylococcus</em> and <em>Enterococcus</em> organisms.</li>
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For pump pocket and deeper wound infections be sure to also add coverage against <em>Pseudomonas</em> species. </li>
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Arryhthmias:
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The highest incidence is within the first month after implantation.</li>
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Consider a "suction event," where the inflow cannula contacts the ventricular septum.</li>
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Suction events can be caused by hypovolemia, small ventricular size, or RV failure and are treated with fluid resuscitation and decreasing the LVAD speed.</li>
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<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
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Pratt AK, et al. Left ventricular assist device management in the ICU. <em>Crit Care Med</em> 2013; 42:158-168.</p>
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