Title: Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA)<br/>Author: Semhar Tewelde<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/352/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
<strong><u>Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA)</u></strong></p>
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ACLS algorithm for PEA focuses on memorizing the “ H's & T's" without a systematic approach on how to evaluate & treat the possible etiologies</p>
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A modified approach to PEA focuses on “cause-specific” interventions utilizing two simple tools: ECG and Bedside Ultrasound (US)</p>
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<u>Simplified PEA Algorithm</u></p>
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♦1st obtain the ECG and assess the QRS-complex length (narrow vs. wide)</p>
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♦ A narrow QRS-complex suggests a mechanical problem: RV inflow or outflow obstruction</p>
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Utilize bedside US to assess for RV collapsibility vs. dilation</p>
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A collapsed RV suggests <em><u>tamponade</u></em><u>, <em>tension PTX</em> or <em>mechanical hyperinflation</em></u></p>
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A dilated RV suggests <u><em>PE</em></u></p>
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The above listed etiologies all have a preserved/hyperdynamic LV Tx begins w/aggressive IVF’s followed by “cause-specific” therapy: pericardiocentesis, needle decompression, forced expiration/vent management, and thrombolysis respectively</p>
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♦ A wide QRS-complex suggests a <em><u>metabolic (hyperK/acidosis/toxins), ischemic, or LV problem</u></em></p>
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Utilize bedside US to assess for LV hypokinesis/akinesis</p>
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For metabolic/toxic etiologies treat w/calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate +/- vasopressors</p>
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For ischemia and LV failure treat w/cardiac cath. vs. thrombolysis +/- vasopressors/inotropes</p>
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♦Trauma and several other etiologies of PEA that are seldom forgotten in any critically ill patient (<em><u>hypothermia, hypoxia, and hypoglycemia</u></em>) are not included in this algorithm.</p>
<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
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Littmann L, Bustin D, Haley M. A Simplified and Structured Teaching Tool for the Evaluation and Management of Pulseless Electrical Activity. Med Princ Pract 2014; 23:1-6</p>
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