Title: There's appears to be NO role for inhaled NO in ARDS<br/>Author: John Greenwood<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/412/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
</p>
<p>
<strong><u>Nitric Oxide appears to have NO role in ARDS</u></strong></p>
<p>
<strong>Background: </strong>The use of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) & severe hypoxemic respiratory failure has been thought to potentially improve oxygenation and clinical outcomes. It is estimated that iNO is used in up to 14% of patients, despite a lack of evidence to show improved outcomes. </p>
<p>
<strong>Mechanism:</strong> Inhaled NO works as a selective pulmonary vasodilator which has been found to improve P<sub>a</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/F<sub>i</sub>O<sub>2</sub> by 5-13%, but is costly ($1,500 - $3,000 per day) and increases risk of renal failure in the critically ill.</p>
<p>
<strong>Study: </strong>A recent systematic review analyzed 9 different RCTs (N=1142) and compared mortality between those with severe (P<sub>a</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/F<sub>i</sub>O<sub>2</sub> < 100) and less severe (P<sub>a</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/F<sub>i</sub>O<sub>2</sub> > 100) ARDS and found that <strong><u>iNO does not reduce mortality in patients with ARDS</u></strong>, regardless of the severity of hypoxemia.</p>
<p>
<br />
<strong><strong>Bottom Line:</strong></strong> Inhaled NO is an intriguing option for the treatment of refractory hypoxemic respiratory failure, however there does not appear to be a mortality benefit to justify it's high cost and potentially negative side effects. In the ED, it is important to focus on appropriate lung protective ventilation strategies (TV: 6-8 cc/kg IBW) and maintaining plateau pressures < 30 cm H<sub>2</sub>O in the initial stages of ARDS to prevent ventilator induced lung injury while awaiting ICU admission.</p>
<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
<p>
<u><strong>Reference</strong></u></p>
<p>
Adhikari NK, Dellinger RP, Lundin S, et al. Inhaled nitric oxide does not reduce mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome regardless of severity: systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med. 2014;42(2):404-12. [PMID: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24132038"><span style="line-height: 15px; font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; white-space: nowrap; color: rgb(87,87,87); font-size: 11px">24132038</span></a>]</p>
<p>
<strong style="line-height: 17px; background-color: rgb(251,250,247); font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0,0,0); font-size: 13px">Follow me on Twitter (<a href="https://twitter.com/PharmERToxGuy" style="color: rgb(73,24,45)">@</a><a href="https://twitter.com/johngreenwoodmd">JohnGreenwoodMD</a>)</strong></p>
</fieldset>