Title: Viral Hemorrhagic Fever<br/>Author: Andrea Tenner<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/1069/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
<strong><em>General Information:</em></strong></p>
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5 families of RNA viruses</li>
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Arenaviradae – Lassa fever</li>
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Bunyaviradae – Crimean – Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF)</li>
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Hantavirus - Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS)</li>
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Flaviviruses – Yellow fever, Dengue</li>
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Filoviridae – Ebola, Marburg</li>
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Vector transmission – humans, rodents, livestock, bush meat, mosquito, tick, contaminated feces</li>
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Incubation of 2-14 days</li>
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<strong><em>Clinical Presentation:</em></strong></p>
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Mild – Mod: fever, fatigues, malaise, myalgia followed by coagulopathy (petechial rash)</li>
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Severe: shock, coma, delirium, seizure, liver/renal failure</li>
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<strong><em>Diagnosis:</em></strong></p>
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Whole blood or serum can be sent to the CDC for testing (PCR, IgM/IgG, viral culture)</li>
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Leukopenia/leukocytosis, proteinuria, thrombocytopenia, LFTs/PT/PTT, may see DIC</li>
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<strong><em>Treatment:</em></strong></p>
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Supportive</li>
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Contact and airborne precautions</li>
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Ribavirin – effective in patients with Lassa fever or HFRS (not approved by the FDA)</li>
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Convalescent-phase plasma has been used with success in some patients with Argentine hemorrhagic fever</li>
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FFP, high dose steroids has been reported to be successful in Crimean-Congo (CCHF)</li>
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<strong><em>Bottom Line:</em></strong></p>
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Immediate isolate patents with fever and signs of coagulopathy</li>
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Supportive care primarily</li>
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<strong>University of Maryland Section of Global Emergency Health</strong></p>
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<strong>Author: Veronica Pei</strong></p>
<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
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The CDC Yellow Book 2014 available at: <a href="http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/viral-hemorrhagic-fevers">http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2014/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/viral-hemorrhagic-fevers</a></p>
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