Title: Dexmedetomidine as a Novel Countermeasure for Cocaine-Induced Sympathoexcitation<br/>Author: Bryan Hayes<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/369/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 17.999801635742188px;">A placebo-controlled treatment trial in 26 cocaine-addicted subjects aimed to determine whether dexmedetomidine reverses MAP and HR increases after intranasal cocaine (3 mg/kg). </span></span></span></p>
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<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Key Findings</span></h4>
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<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 17.999801635742188px;">Low-dose dexmedetomidine (0.4 µg/kg) abolished cocaine-induced increases in MAP (+6 ± 1 versus -5 ± 2 mm Hg; P<0.01), but had no effect on HR (+13 ± 2 versus +9 ± 2 bpm; P=ns). </span></span></span></li>
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<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 17.999801635742188px;">Skin sympathetic nerve activity and skin vascular resistance were significantly reduced.</span></span></span></li>
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<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:12px;">A higher sedating dose of dexmedetomidine (1.0 μg/kg) was needed to counteract the modest HR rise, but at the expense of increasing BP in one third of patients.</span></span></li>
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<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:12px;">Application to Clinical Practice</span></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 17.999801635742188px;">In a low nonsedating dose, dexmedetomidine <u>may</u> be a potential (adjunct) treatment for cocaine-induced acute hypertension. However, higher sedating doses can increase blood pressure unpredictably during acute cocaine challenge and should be avoided.</span></span></span></p>
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<u><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><strong><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: 17.999801635742188px;">Generous benzodiazepine should remain first-line therapy.</span></strong></span></span></u></p>
<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
<p>
Kontak AC, et al. Dexmedetomidine as a Novel Countermeasure for Cocaine-Induced Central Sympathoexcitation in Cocaine-Addicted Humans. <em>Hypertension</em> 2013;61(2):388-94. [<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23283356">PMID 23283356</a>].</p>
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