Title: I just gave IM Epi for anaphylaxis, how long do I need to observe the patient?<br/>Author: Feras Khan<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/1145/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
<strong>Observation after giving IM Epi for allergic reactions or anaphylaxis</strong></p>
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<em>Background</em></p>
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Common practice is to observe patients who receive epinephrine for allergic reactions or anaphylaxis for several hours post-administration</li>
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This can be from 4-24 hours depending on the institution</li>
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This is to monitor for a biphasic reaction</li>
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<em>Question</em></p>
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Do we need to observe these patients?</li>
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And if so, for how long?</li>
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<em>Meta-analysis</em></p>
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2 urban Canadian EDs</li>
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5 year period</li>
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Primary outcome was the amount of patients with a clinically important biphasic reaction</li>
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Secondary outcome was mortality</li>
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<p>
<em>Results</em></p>
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2819 encounters: 496 anaphylactic + 2323 allergic reactions</li>
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5 clinically important biphasic reactions (0.18%; 95% CI 0% to 0.17%)</li>
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No fatalities</li>
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Biphasic reactions tended to happen several hours (>24hrs) after ED discharge</li>
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<em>Limitations</em></p>
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If patients did not return to an ED in the region, then they would not be identified as a possible biphasic reaction</li>
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<u><em>What to do?</em></u></p>
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You can probably discharge most patients whose symptoms have resolved without a prolonged observation period (<4hrs)</li>
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Patients with ongoing anaphylaxis and allergic reaction, should be observed longer or admitted</li>
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Biphasic reactions are very rare</li>
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<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
<p>
Grunau B, et al. Incidence of Clinically Important Biphasic Reactions in Emergency Department Patients with Allergic Reactions or Anaphylaxis. Annals of Emergency Medicine. Vol 63, No 6; June 2014 736-743. </p>
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