Title: Traumatic Intracranial Hypertension - What to do?<br/>Author: Danya Khoujah<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/739/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), defined as >20mmHg, is frequently encountered in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). A step-wise approach would include:</p>
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1. Analgesia and sedation: frequently forgotten.</p>
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2. Hyperosmolar agents: both hypertonic saline and mannitol can be used. Neither is superior.</p>
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3. Induced arterial blood hypocarbia using hyperventilation (must monitor for cerebral ischemia)</p>
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4. Barbiturates (last resort due to side effects)</p>
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5. Surgical:</p>
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a. CSF drain</p>
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b. Decompressive craniectomy: benefits challenged by the DECRA study</p>
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Stocchetti N, Maas AIR. Traumatic Intracranial Hypertension. N Engl J Med 2014; 370:2121-30. </p>