Title: Beta-Lactams in Critically Ill Patients: Current Dosing May be Inadequate<br/>Author: Bryan Hayes<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/369/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
Beta-lactam antimicrobials (penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems) are frequently used for empiric and targeted therapy in critically ill patients. They display time-dependent killing, meaning the time the antibiotic concentration is above the minimin inhibitory concentration (MIC) is associated with improved efficacy.</p>
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Two new pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic studies suggest that current beta-lactam antimicrobial dosing regimens may be inadequate.</p>
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In patients from 68 ICUs across 10 countries, use of intermittent infusions (compared to extended and continuous infusions) <u>and</u> increasing creatinine clearance were risk factors for MIC target non-attainment. [<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25053248">1</a>]</li>
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A second group specifically investigated the pulmonary penetration of piperacillin/tazobactam in critically ill patients and found that intrapulmonary exposure is highly variable and unrelated to plasma exposure and pulmonary permeability. [<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24926779">2</a>]</li>
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Antimicrobial dosing in critically ill patients is complex. Current dosing of beta-lactams may be inadequate and needs to be studied further with relation to clinical outcomes.</p>
<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
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De Waele JJ, et al. Risk factors for target non-attainment during empirical treatment with beta-lactam antibiotics in critically ill patients. <em>Intensive Care Med</em> 2014;40(9):1340-51. [<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25053248">PMID 25053248</a>]</li>
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Felton TW, et al. Pulmonary penetration of piperacillin and tazobactam in critically ill patients. <em>Clin Pharmacol Ther</em> 2014;96(4):438-48. [<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24926779">PMID 24926779</a>]</li>
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