Title: Visual Loss in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension<br/>Author: Danya Khoujah<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/739/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
There are a few available options for treatment of <strong><em>visual loss</em></strong> due to <strong>idiopathic intracranial hypertension</strong> (IIH). The Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial (IIHTT), the first randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled trial for the treatment of patients with visual loss from IIH, which results were published earlier this year, provided substantial evidence for the first 2 options.</p>
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<strong>1. </strong><strong>Weight loss</strong></p>
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2. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, such as <strong>Acetazolamide</strong></p>
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3. Therapeutic lumbar puncture (reserved for pregnant patients or for occasional flare-ups)</p>
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4. Surgery:</p>
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a. Optic nerve sheath fenestration (ONSF): visual acuity and fields improve in most cases, but symptoms may recur. Benefit? No hardware!</p>
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b. Shunts: ventriculoperitoneal (VP) and lumboperitoneal (LP) shunts are the most frequently used. No clear benefit for one over the other. VP shunts may be programmable.</p>
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c. Cerebral venous stenting: endovascular stenting of the transverse sinus may improve the symptoms in some people.</p>
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BONUS PEARL: The <em>headache</em> does not correlate with the lumbar opening pressure, degree of papilledema or amount of visual loss. None of the above-mentioned management strategies is meant for the treatment of the headache alone. For that, medical management with standard symptomatic treatments, avoiding opiates and barbiturates, is recommended. Surgery is <em>not</em> recommended for headache alone.</p>
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<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
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Friedman DI. Papilledema and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Continuum. 2014 Aug;20(4 Neuro-ophthalmology)</p>
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