Title: Delirium - are we really looking for it?<br/>Author: Danya Khoujah<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/739/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
Delirium has long been recognized as a common disorder of the geriatric ED population (seen in up to 20% of patients above the age of 65 years), but how good are we at detecting it?</p>
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Studies show that the diagnosis of delirium is made in the ED in only 11-46% of patients, which means that more than half go undiagnosed. The problem is, the risk of death at 3 months increases by 11% for every 48 hours of delirium the patient experiences, and so does their length of stay and functional decline. It is mostly missed in patients who have a baseline cognitive dysfunction, such as dementia.</p>
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So what can we do about that?</p>
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Treat delirium as a <strong>neurolgical emergency</strong>; be vigilant about diagnosing it and treating it. There are a lot of neurocognitive tests that can be used for diagnosis (such as the mini-mental status exam), but they are usually too cumbersome to use in an ED setting. The <strong>CAM</strong> (Confusion Assessment Method) has been extensively studied and has a sensitivity and specifity of about 95% to diagnose delirium. It includes the acuity of onset, fluctuant course, inattention (the hallmark), disorganized thinking and/or altered level of consciousness. </p>
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Bottom Line? Don't forget to screen your elderly patients for delirium and treat them accordingly!</p>
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<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
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1. Wilber ST, Han JH. Altered Mental Status in the Elderly. Geriatric Emergency Medicine Principles and Practice. Edited by Kahn JH, Maguaran Jr BG, Olshaker JS. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2014: 102-113</p>
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2. Barron EA, Holmes J. Delirium within the emergency Care setting, occurence and detection: a systematic review. EMJ 2013; 30(4) <span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.7999992370605px;">263-268</span></p>
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<span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; line-height: 16.7999992370605px;">3. </span>Wei LA, BA, Fearing MA et al. The Confusion Assessment Method: A Systematic Review of Current Usage J Am Geriatr Soc 56:823–830, 2008</p>
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