Title: Low-Dose Ketamine for Pain Management in the ED<br/>Author: Bryan Hayes<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/369/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
Emergency Departments are increasingly searching for alternatives to opioids for acute pain management. </p>
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An urban trauma center in California retrospectively evaluated their use of low-dose ketamine for acute pain over a two-year period. [1]</p>
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530 patients</li>
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Indications were separated in 7 broad categories such as abdominal pain, back pain, and musculoskeletal pain</li>
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Ketamine dose: 10-15 mg (93% IV, 7% IM)</li>
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No significant changes in heart rate or blood pressure</li>
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30 patients (6%) experienced adverse effects (psychomimetic/dysphoric reactions, transient hypoxia, emesis) - none were classified as severe based on authors' definitions</li>
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<strong>Application to Clinical Practice</strong></p>
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There was no comparison group and there was no mention of what other pain medicines were given. Adverse events are often under-reported in retrospective studies. This study seems to demonstrate that low-dose ketamine administration for acute pain management in the ED is feasible with a low rate of adverse effects.</p>
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It's worth noting that a new review of 4 randomized controlled trials evaluating subdissociative-dose ketamine <font color="#000000" face="arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 17.9998016357422px;">found no convincing evidence to support or refute its use in the ED. The 4 included trials had methodologic limitations. [2]</span></font></p>
<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
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Ahern TL, et al. The first 500: initial experience with widespread use of low-dose ketamine for acute pain management in the ED. <em>Am J Emerg Med</em> 2015;33(2):197-201. [<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25488336">PMID 25488336</a>]</li>
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Sin B, et al. The use of subdissociative-dose ketamine for acute pain in the emergency department. <em>Acad Emerg Med</em>. 2015 Feb 25. [Epub ahead of print, PMID <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25716117">25716117</a>]</li>
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