Title: Phases of Emergency Management: Preparing and Responding to a Disaster<br/>Author: Jon Mark Hirshon<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/96/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
        Whether in the U.S. or overseas, there are four main phases of emergency management:</p>
<p>
         </p>
<ol>
        <li>
                <u>Mitigation</u>
                <ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha;">
                        <li>
                                Identifying risks and hazards to reduce or eliminate the risks, such as:
                                <ol style="list-style-type:lower-roman;">
                                        <li>
                                                Building codes (for earthquakes, hurricanes, fires, etc.)</li>
                                        <li>
                                                Zoning rules (floodplain restrictions)</li>
                                        <li>
                                                Dams and levees (prevent flooding)</li>
                                </ol>
                        </li>
                </ol>
        </li>
</ol>
<p style="margin-left:1.5in;">
         </p>
<ol>
        <li value="2">
                <u>Preparedness</u>
                <ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha;">
                        <li>
                                To enhance response capacity, such as
                                <ol style="list-style-type:lower-roman;">
                                        <li>
                                                Training, including exercises to assure adequacy of planning efforts</li>
                                        <li>
                                                Planning</li>
                                        <li>
                                                Resource procurement</li>
                                </ol>
                        </li>
                </ol>
        </li>
</ol>
<p style="margin-left:1.5in;">
         </p>
<ol>
        <li value="3">
                <u>Response</u>
                <ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha;">
                        <li>
                                Immediate post disaster activities to save lives and property, such as
                                <ol style="list-style-type:lower-roman;">
                                        <li>
                                                Evacuating victims</li>
                                        <li>
                                                Response teams deployment</li>
                                        <li>
                                                Incident command operations</li>
                                </ol>
                        </li>
                </ol>
        </li>
</ol>
<p style="margin-left:1.5in;">
         </p>
<ol>
        <li value="4">
                <u>Recovery</u>
                <ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha;">
                        <li>
                                Efforts to restore essential services and repair damage, such as
                                <ol style="list-style-type:lower-roman;">
                                        <li>
                                                Reconstruction of government operations and services</li>
                                        <li>
                                                Housing and services for displaced families/ individuals</li>
                                        <li>
                                                Replenish stockpiles</li>
                                </ol>
                        </li>
                </ol>
        </li>
</ol>
<fieldset><legend>References</legend>

                <p>
        <cite>fas.org/sgp/crs/homesec/R42845.pdf</cite></p>
</fieldset>