Title: Central venous catheters<br/>Author: Feras Khan<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/1145/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p> <span style="background-color:#ffff00;">With a new academic year starting, it is important to review some details on central lines</span></p> <p> <strong>Complications of central lines (TLC-Triple lumen catheter)</strong></p> <ul> <li> Pneumothorax (more common with subclavian)</li> <li> Arterial puncture (more common with femoral)</li> <li> Catheter malposition</li> <li> Subcutaneous hematoma</li> <li> Hemothorax</li> <li> Catheter related infection (historically more with femoral)</li> <li> Catheter induced thrombosis</li> <li> Arrhythmia (usually from guidewire insertion)</li> <li> Venous air embolism (avoid with Trendelenburg position)</li> <li> Bleeding</li> </ul> <p> <strong>Avoiding infections:</strong> hand hygiene, chlorhexidine skin antisepsis, maximal barrier precautions, remove unnecessary lines, full gown and glove w/ mask and sterile technique.</p> <p> <strong>Catheter position:</strong> 16-18cm for Right sided and 18-20 cm for Left sided. But can vary based on height, neck length, and catheter insertion site. Approximate length based on these factors.</p> <p> <strong>Flow rates: Remember that putting in a central line does not necessarily improve your flow rates in resuscitation</strong></p> <p> 16 G IV: 220 ml/min</p> <p> Cordis/introducer sheath: 126 ml/min</p> <p> 18 G IV: 105 ml/min</p> <p> 16G distal port TLC: 69 ml/min</p> <p> <strong>Ports (Can vary with type of catheter)</strong></p> <p> 1. Distal exit port (16G)</p> <p> 2. Middle port (18G)</p> <p> 3. Proximal port (18G)</p> <p> <strong>Arterial puncture:</strong> hold pressure for 5 mins and evaluate for hematoma formation (harder for subclavian approach)</p> <p> <strong>Arterial cannulation:</strong> Has decreased due to ultrasound use but if you do cannulate an arterial site, don’t panic. Don’t remove the line. You can check a blood gas or arterial pulse waveform to confirm placement. Call vascular surgery for open removal and repair or endovascular repair. You could potentially remove a femoral arterial line and hold pressure but seek vascular advice regarding possible closure devices to use after removal.</p> <p> </p>