Title: Avoid Opioids for Low Back Pain<br/>Author: Bryan Hayes<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/369/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
If there weren't enough reasons to avoid opioids, here is another: opioids don't work for low back pain (LBP).</p>
<p>
<strong>Objective</strong></p>
<p>
A well-done, double-blind, randomized controlled trial from JAMA set out to compare functional outcomes and pain at 1 week and 3 months after an ED visit for acute LBP among patients randomized to a 10-day course of (1) naproxen + placebo; (2) naproxen + cyclobenzaprine; or (3) naproxen + oxycodone/acetaminophen.</p>
<p>
<strong>Intervention</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>
Nontraumatic, nonradicular LBP of 2 weeks’ duration or less</li>
<li>
All patients were given 20 tablets of naproxen, 500 mg, to be taken twice a day.
<ul>
<li>
They were randomized to receive either 60 tablets of placebo; cyclobenzaprine, 5 mg; or oxycodone, 5 mg/acetaminophen, 325 mg. Participants were instructed to take 1 or 2 of these tablets every 8 hours, as needed for LBP.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>
Patients received a standardized 10-minute LBP educational session prior to discharge.</li>
</ul>
<p>
<strong>Outcome</strong></p>
<p>
Neither oxycodone/acetaminophen nor cyclobenzaprine improved pain or functional outcomes at 1 week compared to placebo, and more adverse effects were noted.</p>
<p>
<strong>Application to Clinical Practice</strong></p>
<p>
Among patients with acute, nontraumatic, nonradicular LBP presenting to the ED, avoid adding opioids or cyclobenzaprine to the standard NSAID therapy.</p>
<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
<p>
Friedman BW, et al. Naproxen with Cyclobenzaprine, Oxycodone/Aceaminophen, or Placebo for Treating Acute Low Back Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial. <em>JAMA</em> 2015;314(15):1572-80.</p>
<p>
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