Title: Spondylolysis<br/>Author: Brian Corwell<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/294/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
        <strong>Spondylolysis</strong></p>
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        Prevalence 3-6% in the general population (Higher in athletes)</p>
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        Location: L4 (5-15% of cases) & L5 (85-95% of cases)</p>
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        Population: More likely in the skeletally immature athlete due to the vulnerability of the immature pars interarticularis to repeated stress</p>
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        Symptoms: Lumbar pain worse with extension</p>
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        Higher risk sports: Gymnastics, diving, weightlifting, wrestling</p>
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        Treatment: Bracing and activity modification, physical therapy</p>
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                       - Good results in 80% with conservative management allowing return to play.</p>
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                       - Those who fail benefit from iliac crest bone grafting and posterolateral fusion.</p>
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                       -Return to play is controversial in this group</p>
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        Please review th images below for anaomy and imaging appearence</p>
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        http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/figures/A00053F01.jpg</p>
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        http://www.sonsa.org/images/spondylolysis.jpg</p>
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        http://www.physio-pedia.com/images/2/22/Spondylolysis_x_ray_.docx.jpg</p>
<fieldset><legend>References</legend>

                <p>
        Huang P.et al.Return-to-Play Recommendations After Cervical, Thoracic, and Lumbar Spine Injuries: A Comprehensive Review. Sports Health2016 Jan;8(1):19-25.</p>
</fieldset>