Title: First Seizures - Why Don't We Treat Them in the ED?<br/>Author: Danya Khoujah<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/739/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
<strong><em>A 25 year old patient presents to the emergency department (ED) with a first unprovoked seizure. His ED workup is normal and he is back to his baseline, and you plan to discharge the patient with outpatient follow up within 1 week. The patient is requesting to be discharged on an anti-epileptic drug (AED). What do you do?</em></strong></p>
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Educate the patient about the risk of recurrence, and the possible side effects of AEDs!</p>
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The American Academy of Neurology (AAN) specifically addressed this in their 2015 guidelines. A few points to remember:</p>
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- The risk of recurrence is greatest within the first 2 years, and occurs in 21-45% of patients.</p>
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- The risk of recurrence increases with a remote brain lesion or injury, abnormal EEG, significant brain imaging abnormality or nocturnal seizures.</p>
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- AED therapy is likely to reduce the risk of a 2nd unprovoked seizure by about 35% over the next 2 years, but the delay in initiating therapy does not increase the long-term remission risk.</p>
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<strong><em>Is it different if the patient had multiple seizures within 24 hours?</em></strong></p>
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Patients presenting with multiple seizures in a 24-hour period were as likely to have seizure recurrence as those presenting with a single seizure, irrespective of etiology or treatment.</p>
<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
<p class="p1">
Bergey GK. <strong>Management of a First Seizure.</strong> <em>Continuum</em> 2016;22(1):38–50.</p>
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