Title: Predicting Hemodynamic Response to Ketamine for Prehospital RSI<br/>Author: Bryan Hayes<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/369/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
Ketamine is often thought to be the induction agent least associated with hypotension in the peri-intubation period. However, reports of hypotension following ketamine do exist, including 2 cases of cardiac arrest. [1] There are limited objective means to predict which patients may have an adverse hemodynamic response.</p>
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<strong>New Study</strong></p>
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A new prospective observational study followed 112 patients in the prehospital setting who received ketamine for rapid sequence intubation. 81 had a low shock index [< 0.9], 31 had a high shock index. [2]</p>
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Shock index = HR / SBP</p>
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<strong>What They Found</strong></p>
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Patients with a high shock index were more likely to experience hypotension (SBP < 90 mm Hg) in the peri-intubation period compared to those with a low shock index (26% vs 2%).</p>
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<strong>Application to Clinical Practice</strong></p>
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This is the first study to evaluate a potential objective predictor for which patients may experience hypotension after RSI with ketamine. But, even with a high shock index, the majority of patients did not develop hypotension.</li>
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These findings should not lead to avoidance of ketamine in these situations, as other induction agents are equally or more likely to cause adverse hemodynamic effects.</li>
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It has been suggested to use lower induction doses in patients at risk for hypotension (with the same or higher paralytic dose). Patients with a high pre-RSI shock index <u>may</u> be the population in which to consider that approach.</li>
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<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
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<li>
Dewhirst E, et al. Cardiac arrest following ketamine administration for rapid sequence intubation.<em> J Intensive Care Med</em> 2013;28(6):375-9. [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22644454">PMID 22644454</a>]</li>
<li>
Miller M, et al. Hemodynamic response after rapid sequence intubation with ketamine in out-of-hospital patients at risk of shock as defined by the shock index. <em>Ann Emerg Med</em>. 2016 Apr 26. Epub ahead of print. [<a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27130803">PMID 27130803</a>]</li>
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