Title: Acetaminophen induced liver failure<br/>Author: Kathy Prybys<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/121/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
<span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Acetaminophen is one of the most common pharmaceutical ingestions in overdose and a leading cause of acute of liver failure in the U.S. </span></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"> Early recognition and treatment is critical for prevention of morbidity.</span></span></p>
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<span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Vigilance and screening is required for this</span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"> "</span>silent poison", available in hundreds of OTC products and in combination with numerous prescription medications. Symptoms may not be present <span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">early in course (for up to 24 hours) in poisoning.</span></span></li>
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<span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Maximal benefit with antidote treatment, n-acetylcysteine (NAC) is time dependent within 8 hours of ingestion. Fulminant hepatotoxicity is unusual in acute overdoses treated with NAC within 10 hours of ingestion. </span></span></li>
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<span style="font-size:16px;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Early prediction of poor prognosis is essential to identify patients who may require life-saving liver transplantation.</span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span> Kings College Criteria: Arterial pH less than 7.30, INR greater than 6.5, Creatinine greater than 3.4, Grade III or IV encephalopathy combined with L<span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">actate greater than 3</span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">.5 and Phosp</span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">hate greater than 3.75 may increase sensitivity.</span></span></li>
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<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
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<span role="menubar">Predicting risk in patients with acetaminophen overdose. James LP, et al.Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol.</span> 2013 Aug;7(6):509-12. </div>
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<span background-color:="" font-size:="" lucida="" open="" sans="" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: ">Acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure: Results of a United States multicenter, prospective study</span><span background-color:="" font-size:="" lucida="" open="" sans="" style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: ">. Larson AM, et al. Hepatology, 42: 1364–1372.</span></div>
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