Title: Vitamin B12 Deficiency: Part 1<br/>Author: Jon Mark Hirshon<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/96/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
Vitamin B12 deficiency, including pernicious anemia, is typically seen in malnourished individuals. Globally, it is widespread in those who live in poverty.</p>
<p>
In the U.S., we often consider it in individuals who are chronic alcoholics. However, it can be seen in others, including:</p>
<ul>
<li>
Bariatric patients after certain weight-loss surgeries</li>
<li>
Conditions causing problems with food digestion, including Crohn’s disease, celiac disease, or fish tapeworm (<em>Diphyllobothrium latum</em>) infection</li>
<li>
Individuals on certain medications for a prolonged time, including proton pump inhibitors, histamine 2 receptor blockers and metformin</li>
<li>
Inadequate dietary intake or genetic intrinsic factor deficiency</li>
</ul>