Title: Sodium bicarbonate shortage… Is there an alternate solution?<br/>Author: Hong Kim<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/526/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
FDA announced a shortage of sodium bicarbonate on 3/01/17. Sodium bicarbonate is frequently used in acid-base disorder as well as in poisoning (cardiac toxicity from Na-channel blockade, e.g. TCA & bupropion, and salicylate poisoning).</p>
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Acetate is a conjugate base of acetic acid where acetate anion forms acetyl CoA and enters Kreb cycle after IV administration. Final metabolic products of acetate are CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O, which are in equilibrium with bicarbonate via carbonic anhydrase activity.</p>
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Administration of sodium acetate increases the strong ion difference by net increase in cations, as acetate is metabolize, and leads to alkalemia.</p>
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Adverse events from sodium acetate infusion have been associated with its use as dialysate buffer: myocardial depression, hypotension, hypopnea leading to hypoxemia and hyperpyrexia. However, such adverse events have not been reported in toxicologic application.</p>
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<strong>Bottom line:</strong></p>
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Sodium acetate can be administered safely in place of sodium bicarbonate if sodium bicarbonate is not available due to shortage.</p>
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Sodium acetate dose:</p>
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Bolus: 1 mEq/kg over 15 – 20 min</li>
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Infusion: 150 mEq in 1L D5%W @ twice maintenance rate </li>
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<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
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Neavyn MJ, Boyer EW, Bird SB, et al. Sodium acetate as a replacement for sodium bicarbonate in medical toxicology: a review. J Med Toxicol 2013;9:250-254.</p>
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