Title: Don't drink that bubbly liquid! hydrogen peroxide ingestion<br/>Author: Hong Kim<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/526/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a common household liquid that is used for wound irrigation/antiseptic and cosmetic purposes. The concentration of household product is 3% to 5% and is considered to be relatively safe except in large volume ingestion.</p>
<p>
High-concentration H2O2 (>10%) is commercially available as “food grade” (35%) that is diluted for household use or for alternative medicine therapy (i.e. hyperoxygenation).</p>
<p>
Ingestion of high-concentration of H2O2 can result in caustic injury as well as ischemic injury from gas embolism.</p>
<p>
Ingestion of 1 mL of 3% H2O2 produces 10 mL of O2 gas while 1 mL of 35% H2O2 produces 115 mL of O2 gas.</p>
<p>
Common symptoms/findings of H2O2 ingestions includes:</p>
<ul>
<li>
Nausea/vomiting</li>
<li>
Abdominal pain due to gas in portal venous system</li>
<li>
Caustic injury of GI track (ingestion of > 10% H2O2)</li>
<li>
Arterialization of O2 gas result in end-organ injury (e.g. CVA)</li>
</ul>
<p>
A retrospective review of >10% H2O2 ingestion from National Poison Data System showed:</p>
<ul>
<li>
13.9% developed gas embolic event</li>
<li>
6.8% experienced permanent disability, including 5 deaths.</li>
</ul>
<p>
Management</p>
<ul>
<li>
Minor symptoms: primary supportive</li>
<li>
CT ABD/Pelvis should be considerd if abdominal pain is present</li>
<li>
If significant gas is present in portal vein or evidence of end-organ injury (i.e. CVA), HBO therapy is recommended (limited evidence).</li>
<li>
Endoscopy should be considered in concentrated H2O2 ingestion to evaluate for caustic injury.</li>
</ul>
<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
<p>
Hatten BW et al. Outcomes after high-concentration peroxide ingestions. Ann Emerg Med. 2017;69:726-736.</p>
</fieldset>