Title: Negative-Pressure Pulmonary Edema<br/>Author: Kami Hu<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/742/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p> Negative-pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) is a well-documented entity that occurs after a patient makes strong inspiratory effort against a blocked airway. The negative pressure causes hydrostatic edema that can be life-threatening if not recognized, but if treated quickly and appropriately, usually resolves after 24-48 hours. These patients may have any type of airway obstruction, whether due to edema secondary to infection or allergy, laryngospasm, or traumatic disruption of the airway, such as in attempted hangings.</p> <p> <u>Management: </u></p> <p> 1. Alleviate or bypass the airway obstruction.</p> <p style="margin-left:.75in;"> · Usually via intubation; may require a surgical airway</p> <p style="margin-left:.75in;"> · If obstruction in an intubated patient is due to biting on tube or dyssynchrony, add bite-block (if not already in place), sedation, and even paralysis if needed.</p> <p> 2. Provide positive pressure ventilation and oxygen supplementation.</p> <p> 3. Use low tidal volume ventilation.</p> <p> 4. In severe hypoxemia without shock, add a diuretic agent and consider additional measures such as proning and even ECMO if the hypoxemia is refractory to standard therapy. </p>
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<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
<p> Bhattacharya M, Kallet RJ, Ware LB, Matthay MA. Negative-pressure pulmonary edema. Chest. 2016;150(4):927-33. </p> <p> Contou D, Voiriot G, Djibre et al. Clinical features of patients with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage due to negative-pressure pulmonary edema. Lung. 2017;195(4):477-487. </p> </fieldset>