Title: Can sodium glucose-cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors cause hypoglycemia?<br/>Author: Hong Kim<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/526/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p> During the past several years, several new classes of diabetic medications were introduced for clinical use, including SGLT2 inhibitors (canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin).</p> <p> SGLT2 inhibitors prevent reabsorption of glucose in the proximal convoluted tubules in the kidney and does not alter insulin release.</p> <p> A recent retrospective study (n=88) of 13 poison center data from January 2013 to December 2016 showed</p> <ol> <li> 91% of the patients were asymptomatic. </li> <li> 7% developed minor symptoms (tachycardia, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, & confusion)</li> <li> 2% developed moderate symptoms (metabolic acidosis, hypertension [166/101], & hypokalemia)</li> <li> Hypoglycemia was not reported.</li> </ol> <p> 49 patients were evaluated in a health care facility (HCF) with 18 admissions. Referral to HCF was more common in pediatric patients. This was likely due to unfamiliarity with a new mediation and lack of toxicity data.</p> <p> Other case reports have shown higher incidence of DKA with the therapeutic use of SGLT2 vs. other classes of DM medications.</p> <p> </p> <p> <strong>Bottom line:</strong></p> <p> Limit data is available regarding the toxicologic profile of SGLT2 inhibitors.</p> <p> Based upon this small retrospective study, hypoglycemia may not occur and majority of the patient experience minimal symptoms.</p> <fieldset><legend>References</legend>
<p> Schaeffer SE et al. Retrospective review of SGLT2 inhibitor exposures reported to 13 poison center. Clin Toxicol (Phila).2017 Aug 16:1-5 PMID: 28812381</p> <p> Burke KR et al. SGLT2 inhibitors: a systematic review of diabetic ketoacidosis and related risk factors in the primary literature. Pharmacothearpy. 2017;37:187-194</p> </fieldset>