Title: Peri-Intubation Cardiac Arrest<br/>Author: Kami Hu<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/742/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
Although the data is limited, current published rates of in-hospital, non-operating room peri-intubation cardiac arrest (PICA) range from 2 to 6%.<sup>1,2,3</sup></p>
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Several risk factors associated with PICA have been identified and include:</p>
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Preintubation hemodynamic instability (shock index ≥ 1 or systolic blood pressure < 90mmHg)<sup>1,2,3</sup></li>
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Elevated Body Mass Index (and increased risk with every 10kg body weight)<sup>1</sup></li>
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Use of succinylcholine as paralytic<sup>3</sup></li>
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Intubation occurring within one hour of nursing shift change<sup>3</sup></li>
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Other common findings:</p>
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Most PICA occurs within 10 minutes of rapid sequence induction (RSI)<sup>1,2</sup></li>
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PEA is the initial recorded rhythm 80-100% of the time.<sup>1,2,3</sup></li>
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Even if ROSC obtained, PICA is associated with higher rates of in-hospital mortality compared to patients requiring emergent intubation who do not experience cardiac arrest.<sup>1,2,3</sup></li>
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<strong>Bottom Line: </strong>Endotracheal intubation is one of the riskiest procedures we regularly perform as emergency physicians.</p>
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Resuscitate hypotensive patients prior to or concomitantly with RSI and/or have a vasopressor at the ready in patients with higher risk of cardiovascular collapse.</li>
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Consider use of vecuronium or rocuronium, rather than succinylcholine, in patients who require a paralytic for intubation but are at higher risk of hyperkalemia or have an unknown history. </li>
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<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
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<strong>References</strong></p>
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1. Heffner AC, Swords DS, Neale MN, Jones AE. Inicidence and factors associated with cardiac arrest complicating emergency airway management. Resuscitation. 2013; 84(11):1500-4. </p>
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2. Kim WY, Kwak MK, Ko BS, et al. Factors associated with the occurrence of cardiac arrest after emergency tracheal intubation in the emergency department. PLoS One. 2011; 9(11):e112779.</p>
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3. Wardi G, Villar J, Nguyen T, et al. Factors and outcomes associated with inpatient cardiac arrest following emergent endotracheal intubation. Resuscitation. 2017; 121:76-80.</p>
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