Title: Benefit of activated charcoal in large acetaminophen ( >= 40 gm) overdose.<br/>Author: Hong Kim<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/526/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p> Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the leading cause of liver failure in the U.S. and Europe. Large APAP ingestion can result in hepatotoxicity despite the early initiation of n-acetylcysteine (NAC). </p> <p> A recently published study from Austrialia investigated the effect of activate charcoal and increasing the NAC dose for large APAP overdose patients (3rd bag: 100 to 200 mg/kg over 16 hours) during first 21 hours of NAC therapy</p> <p> acetaminophen ratio (first APAP level taken between 4 to 16 hour post ingestion / APAP level on the Rumack nomogram line at that time point) was determined to compare APAP levels at different time points among study sample</p> <p> e.g. </p> <p> first APAP level at 4 hour post ingestion = 400</p> <p> APAP level on the Rumack APAP nomogram at 4 hour post ingestion = 150</p> <p> APAP ratio = 400/150 = 2.67</p> <p> </p> <p> Findings:</p> <ol> <li> Activated charcoal (AC): if given within 4 hours, AC significantly decreased the APAP ratio (OR: 1.4 vs. 2.2)</li> <li> Increased dose of NAC during the first 21 hour significantly decreased the risk of hepatotoxicity (OR: 0.27; 95% CI: 0.08 - 0.94).</li> </ol> <p> </p> <p> Conclusion: </p> <ol> <li> Administration of AC in patients with history of large APAP overdose (>=40 gm) within 4 hour of ingestion can still be beneficial.</li> <li> Increasing NAC dosing (3rd bag in first 21 hour thearpy) may decrease the risk of hepatotoxicity. </li> </ol> <p> Note: Any increase in NAC dosing from the standard 21 hour therapy should be performed after consulting your regional poison center.</p> <fieldset><legend>References</legend>
<p> Chiew AL et al. Massive paracetamol overdose: an obsevational study of the effect of activated charcoal and increased acetylcysteine dose (ATOM-2). Clin Toxicol 2017;55:1055-1065. PMID: 28644687.</p> </fieldset>