Title: Empiric Antifungal Therapy in Septic Shock<br/>Author: Kami Hu<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/742/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
<strong>Which septic patients should receive empiric antifungal therapy?</strong></p>
<p>
Patients with fungemia only make up about 5% of patients presenting with septic shock, but invasive fungal infections are associated with increased hospital mortality (40-50%), prolonged ICU and hospital length of stay, and increased costs of care.<sup>1</sup></p>
<p>
The EMPIRICUS trial showed no mortality benefit to empiric antifungals for all, even patients with candidal colonization and recent exposure to antibiotics.<sup>2</sup></p>
<p>
<u><strong>Bottom Line</strong></u></p>
<p>
Therapy should always be tailored to the specific patient, but providers should strongly consider admininistering empiric echinocandin (micafungin, caspofungin) over fluconazole in patients with severe sepsis/septic shock and:</p>
<ul>
<li>
Immunosuppression (chronic steroids, neutropenia, organ transplant)</li>
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Prolonged central venous catheters</li>
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TPN</li>
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Yeast colonization</li>
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Severe pancreatitis</li>
<li>
Recent abdominal surgeries or procedures (perforation repairs, resections, etc.) or concern for impaired gut integrity</li>
</ul>
<p>
*Especially consider addition of antifungal in patients who do not show improvements after initial management with IVF and broad spectrum antibiotics in the ED.*</p>
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<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
<ol>
<li>
Xie GH, Xiang-Ming F, Qiang F, et al. Impact of invasive fungal infection on outcomes of severe sepsis: a multicenter matched cohort study in critically ill surgical patients.</li>
<li>
Timsit JF, Azoulay E, Schwebel C, et al. Empirical micafungin treatment and survival without invavsive fungal infection in adults with ICU-aquired sepsis, candida colonization, and multiple organ failure: the EMPIRICUS randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2016;316(15): 1555-64.</li>
<li>
Muskett H, Shahin J, Eyres G, et al. Risk factors for invasive fungal disease in critically ill adult patients: a systematic review. Crit Care 2011;15(6): R287.</li>
<li>
Murri R, Scoppettuolo G, Ventura G, et al. Initial antifungal strategy does not correlate with mortality in patients with candidemia. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 35:187–93.</li>
<li>
López-Cortés LE, Almirante B, Cuenca-Estrella M, et al. Empirical and targeted therapy of candidemia with fluconazole versus echinocandins: A propensity score-derived analysis of a population-based, multicentre prospective cohort. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22:733.e1–733.e8</li>
<li>
Garnacho-Montero J, Díaz-Martín A, Cantó-Bulnes L, et al. Initial antifungal strategy reduces mortality in critically ill patients with candidemia: a propensity score-adjusted analysis of a multicenter study. Crit Care Med 2018;46(3): 384-93.</li>
</ol>
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