Title: Female Athlete Triad<br/>Author: Brian Corwell<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/294/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><h2> <strong>Female Athlete Triad</strong></h2> <ol> <li> Low energy availability <ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha;"> <li> With or without eating disorders</li> </ol> </li> <li> Menstrual dysfunction</li> <li> Low bone mineral density (BMD)</li> </ol> <p> </p> <p> Energy availability considers the amount of remaining energy for metabolic processes based on calories takin in with eating and calories burned through exercise or both.</p> <p> </p> <p> Menstrual dysfunction occurs as a result of low energy availability causing decreased GnRH inhibition and ovarian suppression and decreased estrogen.</p> <p> </p> <p> Low bone mineral density occurs due to amenorrhea and decreased energy availability. Estrogen limits bone resorption (stimulates calcitonin and renal calcium retention).</p> <p> This is very important for young girls as by age 12 they have 83% of their total BMD & 95% two years after menarche.</p> <p> </p> <p> If you see an athlete in the ED with one component of the triad, inquire about the other two. A 15yo athlete with a stress fracture may not realize that her disordered eating, excessive exercise or amenorrhea may by contributing factors and may benefit from follow up with PCP, dietitian, Gyn, etc.</p> <p> </p>