Title: When can we discharge a suspected fentanyl overdose ED patient?<br/>Author: Hong Kim<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/526/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p> Non-pharmaceutical fentanyl (NPF) is a major contributor to opioid overdoses and overdose fatality. In certain urban areas such as Vancouver, over 80% of heroin samples contain NPF. For isolated heroin overdose ED patients, they can be safely discharged after brief observation period (~2 hours). However, “safe” observation time for fentanyl is unknown.</p> <p> Recently, a retrospective study evaluating the safe observation period in 1009 suspected (uncomplicated) fentanyl overdose ED visits (827 unique patients).</p> <p> <strong>Results</strong>:</p> <p> In the field:</p> <ul> <li> 476 (47.1%) received bystander naloxone <ul> <li> 422 (44.1%) had field GCS of 15</li> <li> 547 (57.2%) had pulse oximetry of >= 95%.</li> </ul> </li> <li> EMS administered naloxone to 546 (57.1%) patients (mean dose 0.4 mg IV)</li> </ul> <p> In the ED:</p> <ul> <li> 16 patients received additional naloxone in the ED</li> <li> Mean length of stay: 173 minutes (IQR: 101 to 267 minutes)</li> <li> 90% of the patients were discharged within 380 minute.</li> <li> One patient was admitted and one patient died after discharge within 24 hours.</li> </ul> <p> <strong>Conclusion</strong>:</p> <ul> <li> Majority of the patients were safely discharged after 3 - 4 hours after receiving naloxone and if able to maintain GCS 15 with oxygen level 95% while able to ambulate normally.</li> <li> However, some patient may require up to 6 hours of observation. </li> </ul> <fieldset><legend>References</legend>
<p> Scheuermeyer FX et al. Safety of a brief emergency department observation protocol for patients with presumed fentanyl overdose. Ann Emerg Med 2018 (PMID: 29530654) </p> </fieldset>