Title: Precedex for Delirium Prevention<br/>Author: Ashley Menne<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/1825/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
Precedex (dexmedetomidine) is a selective alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist used as a sedative.</p>
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It is unique among sedatives typically used in the ICU in that it lacks GABA activity and lacks anticholinergic activity.</p>
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Previous studies have shown significant positive changes in sleep patterns in critically ill patients sedated with dexmedetomidine:</p>
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-improved sleep efficiency – decreased sleep fragmentation, decreased stage 1 sleep, increased stage 2 sleep</p>
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-improved distribution of sleep (with more than ¾ sleep occurring at night)</p>
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Given importance of sleep and preservation of day-night cycles/ circadian rhythms in prevention of delirium, a recent randomized controlled trial evaluated dexmedetomidine's effect on delirium.</p>
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100 delirium-free critically ill adults receiving sedatives were randomized to receive nocturnal (21:30-06:15) IV dexmedetomidine (titrated to RASS -1 or max 0.7 mcg/kg/hr) OR placebo until ICU discharge.</p>
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80% of patients in the dexmedetomidine group remained delirium-free vs 54% in the placebo group.</p>
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There was no difference in the incidence of hypotension, bradycardia, or both between groups.</p>
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<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
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Alexopolou, et al. Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Sleep Quality in Critically Ill Patients. Anesthesiology 2014; 121:801-7.</p>
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Skrobic, et al. Low Dose Nocturnal Dexmedetomidine Prevents ICU Delirium. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 197:9, 1147-56.</p>
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