Title: 2018 Surviving Sepsis Update<br/>Author: Kami Hu<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/742/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><ul>
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The Surviving Sepsis Campaign recently republished the 2018 update to their guidelines, namely, the recommendation that physicians initiate treatment measures using a "1-Hour Bundle" rather than the 3 and 6-hour bundles previously recommended:</li>
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<img alt="" src="http://umem.org/files/uploads/content/untitled%20folder/Surviving%20Sepsis.png" style="width: 456px; height: 160px;" /></p>
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Also included was the level of evidence for each bundle component. There was no additional evidence provided to support the within-one-hour recommendation. </li>
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<img alt="" src="http://umem.org/files/uploads/content/untitled%20folder/Surviving%20Sepsis%202.png" style="width: 475px; height: 175px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid;" /></p>
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There has been no well-designed, randomized trial to demonstrate benefits to administration of the various bundle components at specific time points. There are observational studies that show benefits to early protocolized therapy, including a restrospective study by Seymour et al. that showed benefits to earlier administration of antibiotics (but notably, not IV fluid administration), primarily in patients with septic shock requiring pressors.<sup>2</sup></li>
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There have been a variety of studies demonstrating harm with unecessary IV fluid administration,<sup>3-5</sup> and inappropriate antibiotic use puts patients at risk for C.difficile colitis, drug reactions, and promotes drug-resistant organisms. Studies to date do not examine adverse events in patients initially treated for sepsis who do not end up being septic.</li>
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<strong>Take Home Points: </strong></p>
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Early recognition of sepsis is crucial to initiating necessary therapies and improving outcomes.</li>
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Patients with sepsis and septic shock benefit from early appropriate antibiotics, source control, and <em>appropriate</em> resuscitation.</li>
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Empiric treatment of all-comers with<em> </em><em>possible </em>sepsis with broad spectrum antibiotics and 30ml/kg of IV fluids, in order to meet a 1-hour deadline, has definite potential for harm. </li>
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<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
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<span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Levy MM, Evans LE, Rhodes A. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign Bundle: 2018 Update. <em>Crit Care Med</em>. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2018;46(6):997-1000.</span></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Seymour CW, Gesten F, Prescott H et al. Time to treatment and mortality during mandated emergency care for sepsis. <em>N Engl J Med</em>. 2017;376(23):2235-2244.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51);">Boyd JH, Forbes J, Nakada TA, Walley KR, Russell JA. Fluid resuscitation in septic shock: a positive fluid balance and elevated central venous pressure are associated with increased mortality. <em>Crit Care Med</em>. 2011;39(2):259-265.</span></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Sadaka F, Juarez M, Naydenov S, O’Brien J. Fluid resuscitation in septic shock: the effect of increasing fluid balance on mortality. </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span class="ref-journal"><em>J Intensive Care Med</em>. </span>2014;<span class="ref-vol">29</span>(4):213-217.</span></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Andrews B, Semler MW, Muchemwa L, et al. Effect of an Early Resuscitation Protocol on In-hospital Mortality Among Adults With Sepsis and Hypotension: A Randomized Clinical Trial. <em>JAMA</em>. 2017;318(13):1233-1240.</span></li>
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<u>For additional reading:</u></p>
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EMNerd, Dr. Rory Spiegel <a href="https://emcrit.org/emnerd/em-nerd-case-temporal-fallacy/">https://emcrit.org/emnerd/em-nerd-case-temporal-fallacy/</a></p>
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Surviving Sepsis Campaign <a href="http://www.survivingsepsis.org/Guidelines/Pages/default.aspx">http://www.survivingsepsis.org/Guidelines/Pages/default.aspx</a></p>
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