Title: Steroid Induced Leukocytosis<br/>Author: Ashley Martinelli<br/><a href='mailto:1912'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p style="margin: 0px 0px 10.66px;"> <font face="Calibri"><font size="3"><font color="#000000">Steroids induce leukocytosis through the release of cells from bone marrow and the inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span><span style="margin: 0px;"> </span>This effect typically occurs within the first two weeks of steroid treatment.<span style="margin: 0px;"> </span></font></font></font></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10.66px;"> <font color="#000000" face="Calibri" size="3">Leukocyte elevation is commonly used in the diagnosis of septic patients; however, this can be hard to discern in patients on concomitant steroid therapy.</font></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10.66px;"> <font color="#000000" face="Calibri" size="3">A retrospective cohort study of adult patients presenting with fevers and a diagnosis of pneumonia, urinary tract infection, bacteremia, cellulitis, or COPD exacerbation was conducted to determine the maximal level of WBC within the first 24h of admission between patients on acute, chronic, or no steroid treatment. </font></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10.66px;"> <font color="#000000" face="Calibri" size="3">Results: maximal WBC levels (p< 0.001)</font></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 48px; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <font color="#000000"><span style="margin: 0px; font-family: Symbol;"><span style="margin: 0px;"><font size="3">·</font><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman"; margin: 0px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><font face="Calibri"><font size="3">Acute steroid therapy: 15.4 <span style="margin: 0px;">± 8.3 </span>x 10 </font><sup><font size="2">9</font></sup></font><font face="Calibri" size="3">/L</font></font></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 48px; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <font color="#000000"><span style="margin: 0px; font-family: Symbol;"><span style="margin: 0px;"><font size="3">·</font><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman"; margin: 0px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><font face="Calibri"><font size="3">Chronic steroid therapy: 14.9 <span style="margin: 0px;">± 7.4</span> x 10 </font><sup><font size="2">9</font></sup></font><font face="Calibri" size="3">/L</font></font></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10.66px 48px; text-indent: -0.25in;"> <font color="#000000"><span style="margin: 0px; font-family: Symbol;"><span style="margin: 0px;"><font size="3">·</font><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman"; margin: 0px; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span></span><font face="Calibri"><font size="3">No steroid therapy: 12.9 <span style="margin: 0px;">± 6.4</span> x 10 </font><sup><font size="2">9</font></sup></font><font face="Calibri" size="3">/L</font></font></p> <p style="margin: 0px 0px 10.66px;"> <font color="#000000"><font face="Calibri"><font size="3">An increase in WBC of 5 x 10 </font><sup><font size="2">9</font></sup></font><font face="Calibri" size="3">/L can be found in acute and chronic steroid use when presenting with an acute infection and fever.</font></font></p> <p> </p> <fieldset><legend>References</legend>
<p style="margin: 0px 0px 10.66px;"> <font color="#000000" face="Calibri" size="3">Frenkel A, Kachko E, Cohen K, Novak V, Maimon N. Estimations of a degree of steroid inducted leukocytosis in patients with acute infections. Am J Emerg Med. 2018;36(5):749-753.</font></p> <p> </p> </fieldset>