Title: Gout<br/>Author: Brian Corwell<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/294/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
ED visits for acute gout increased almost 27% between 2006 & 2014, a 26.8% increase</p>
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Presentation: Acute severe pain, swelling, redness, warmth.</p>
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Pain peaks between 12 to 24 hours and onset more likely at night</p>
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Quiet, calm period between flares vs other arthritic disorders</p>
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Signs of inflammation can extend beyond the joint</p>
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Normal to low serum urate values have been noted in 12 to 43% of patients with gout flares </p>
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Accurate time for assessment of serum urate is greater than 2 weeks after flare subsides</p>
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Most hyperuricemic individuals never experience a clinical event resulting from urate crystal deposition.</p>
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Gout flares may occasionally coexist with another type of joint disease (septic joint, psedugout),</p>
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A clinical decision rule has shown to be more accurate than clinical diagnosis (17 versus 36%)</p>
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*Male sex (2 points)</p>
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*Previous patient-reported arthritis flare (2 points)</p>
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*Onset within one day (0.5 points)</p>
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*Joint redness (1 point)</p>
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*First metatarsal phalangeal joint involvement (2.5 points)</p>
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*Hypertension or at least one cardiovascular disease (1.5 points)</p>
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*Serum urate level greater than 5.88 mg/dL (3.5 points)</p>
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Scoring for low (≤4 points), intermediate (>4 to <8 points), and high (≥8 points) probability of gout identified groups with a prevalence of gout of 2.2, 31.2, and 82.5 percent, respectively.</p>
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Consider supplementing your clinical decision with this in the future</p>
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<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
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Miathal A, Singh G. Emergency department visits for gout: a dramatic increase in the past decade. Oral presentation at the EULAR 2018 European Congress of Rheumatology in The Netherlands, June 13–16. </p>
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Kienhorst LB, et al. The validation of a diagnostic rule for gout without joint fluid analysis: a prospective study.Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015;54(4):609.</p>
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Becker, MA. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of gout. Up to date. 2018</p>
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