Title: Does larger initial naloxone dose (IV) lead to longer duration of opioid reversal?<br/>Author: Hong Kim<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/526/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
Various intial doses of naloxone (0.4 to 2 mg) are administered to reverse the signs and symptoms of opioid toxicity. However, there is limited data regarding the duration of action of naloxone is correlated to the administered dose.</p>
<p>
A recently published retrospective study investigated whether initial naloxone doses (IV), low-dose (0.4 mg) vs. high-dose (1-2 mg), lead to different time to recurrence of opioid toxicity.</p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
Study sample: 274 patient screened but 84 patients were included.</p>
<ol>
<li>
Low-dose naloxone (0.4 mg IV): 42
<ul>
<li>
Mean age: 50</li>
<li>
History of opiod/heroin use: 33 (78.6%)</li>
<li>
Positive opioid/opiate on drug screening: 27 (64%)</li>
<li>
<strong>Median time to repeat naloxone dose: 72 min (IQR: 46 - 139)</strong></li>
<li>
12 patients (29%) required continuous naloxone infusion</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ol>
<p>
</p>
<ol start="2">
<li>
High-dose naloxone (1 - 2 mg IV): 42</li>
</ol>
<ul style="margin-left: 40px;">
<li>
Mean age: 48</li>
<li>
History of opiod/heron use: 32 (76.2%)</li>
<li>
Positive opioid/opiate on drug screening: 26 (62%)</li>
<li>
<strong>Median time to repeat naloxone dose: 77 min (IQR: 44 - 126)</strong></li>
<li>
17 patients (41%) required continuous naloxone infusion</li>
</ul>
<p>
Higher rate of adverse effects (withdrawal symptoms - vomiting, agitation, tachycardia, etc.) were observed in high-dose group (41% vs. 31%) but this was not statistically signficant. </p>
<p>
Conclusion:</p>
<ol>
<li>
High-dose naloxone (1 - 2 mg) does not result in longer duration of reversal of opioid toxicity.</li>
<li>
Duration of opioid toxicity reversal by naloxone administration were similar to previously reported duration of action of naloxone (30 to 90 min).</li>
<li>
Note: there are several lmitations to the study study including retrospective design - documentation issues, small sample size, patient selection - patients were included if positive response to naloxone was observed, unknown opioid exposure, variable dosing in high-dose group (1 to 2 mg vs. 0.4 mg) and naloxone was given via IV only. </li>
</ol>
<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
<p>
Wong F et al. Comparison of lower-dose versus higher-dose invetravenous naloxone on time to recurrence of opioid toxicity in the emergency department. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2018 <span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif; font-size: 11.0045px;">Jul 23:1-6. doi: 10.1080/15563650.2018.1490420. [Epub ahead of print]</span></p>
</fieldset>