Title: Sodium Bicarbonate in Severe Metabolic Acidosis<br/>Author: Kami Hu<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/742/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
The recently published BICAR-ICU study looked at the use of bicarb in critically ill patients with severe metabolic acidemia...</p>
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Multicenter, open-label, RCT, 26 French ICUs</li>
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Adult patients with pH < 7.2 not secondary to hypercapnia, serum bicarb < 20 not due to bicarb wasting process </li>
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SOFA score > 4 or lactate > 2</li>
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No bicarb versus 4.2% sodium bicarb infusion titrated to pH >7.3</li>
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Primary outcome: Composite measure of 28-mortality and presence of any organ failure at 7 days post-randomization</li>
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Secondary outcomes: Need for/length of life support measures (renal-replacement, vasopressors, mechanical ventilation), SOFA score after enrollment, electrolyte effects, occurrence of ICU-acquired infections, and ICU length of stay</li>
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Major findings:
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No difference in primary outcome overall</li>
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No difference in pressor-free days, days off RRT, dialysis dependence at ICU discharge, ICU LOS</li>
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Bicarb group had less need for RRT during ICU stay (35 vs 52%, p=0.0009)</li>
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In patients with AKI and AKIN score 2-3*, the bicarbonate group had a decrease in both 28-day mortality (46 vs 63%, p=0.0166) and presence of any organ failure at day 7 (66 vs 82%, p=0.0142)</li>
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Limitations:
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Unblinded</li>
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A quarter of the control group actually received bicarb</li>
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No data regarding vent settings, ABGs to r/o ventilation effects on pH</li>
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4.2% is not a standard concentration of bicarb used in the U.S.</li>
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<u>Bottom Line</u>: </p>
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Consider administration of sodium bicarbonate for your critically ill ED patients with severe metabolic acidosis and AKI, especially if acidosis &/or renal function is not improved with usual initial measures (such as IVF, etc).</p>
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*<span style="font-size:10px;"><u>Acute Kidney Injury Network Staging Criteria</u></span></p>
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<img alt="" src="http://umem.org/files/uploads/content/pearls/critical_care/AKIN.jpg" style="height: 220px; width: 475px;" /></p>
<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
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Jaber S, Paugam C, Futier E, et al. Sodium bicarbonate therapy for patients with severe metabolic acidaemia in the intensive care unit (BICAR-ICU): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled, phase 3 trial. <i>Lancet</i>. 2018;392(10141):31-40. </p>
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