Title: Intranasal Administration of Common Emergency Department Medications<br/>Author: Wesley Oliver<br/><a href='mailto:1911'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p> The most common methods of medication administration in the emergency department are oral, intravenous (IV), and intramuscular (IM). If the oral route is not available, if IV/IM are not necessary, or if obtaining IV access is challenging, intranasal (IN) medication delivery is a reasonable alternative. More concentrated products are preferred and a volume of 1 mL or less per nostril should be utilized. Below is a table of the commonly used medications used via the IN route. </p> <table border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="width: 800px"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <strong>Drug</strong></td> <td> <strong>Concentration</strong></td> <td> <strong>Indication</strong></td> <td> <strong>IN Dose</strong></td> <td> <p> <strong>Time to </strong><strong>Peak Effect</strong></p> </td> <td> <strong>Adverse Events</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td> Fentanyl</td> <td> 50 mcg/mL</td> <td> Analgesia</td> <td> 0.5-2 mcg/kg</td> <td> 5 min</td> <td> <p> Nasal irritation, rhinitis, headache</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Ketamine</td> <td> 100 mcg/mL</td> <td> <p> Analgesia, Agitation, Sedation</p> </td> <td> 3-6 mg/kg</td> <td> 5-10 min</td> <td> <p> Poor taste, HTN, hypersalivation, agitation, emergence reaction</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Lorazepam</td> <td> 2 mg/mL</td> <td> <p> Agitation, Seizures</p> </td> <td> <p> 0.1 mg/kg</p> <p> Max: 4 mg</p> </td> <td> 30 min</td> <td> <p> Poor taste, lacrimation, nasal/throat irritation</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> Midazolam</td> <td> 5 mg/mL</td> <td> <p> Agitation, Sedation, Seizures</p> </td> <td> <p> 0.1-0.4 mg/kg</p> <p> Max: 10 mg</p> </td> <td> 5-10 min</td> <td> Same as lorazepam</td> </tr> <tr> <td> Naloxone</td> <td> 1 mg/mL</td> <td> <p> Opioid Reversal</p> </td> <td> <p> 0.1 mg/kg</p> <p> Usual dose:</p> <p> 0.4-2 mg</p> </td> <td> 1-5 min</td> <td> <p> N/V, headache, withdrawal symptoms</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <fieldset><legend>References</legend>
<p> Bailey AM, Baum RA, Horn K, et al. Review of intranasally administered medications for use in the emergency department. J Emerg Med. 2017;53:38-48.</p> </fieldset>