Title: Is there an alternative therapy to benzodiazepine in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome?<br/>Author: Hong Kim<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/526/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p> Alcohol withdrawal syndrome is frequently treated with benzodiazepines following CIWA-Ar (Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol scale). There are other medications that are used as either second line or as adjunctive agents along with benzodiazepines. A retrospective study compared the clinical outcomes between phenobarbital vs. benzodiazepines-based CIWA-Ar protocol to treat AWS. </p> <p> The primary was ICU length of stay (LOS); secondary outcome were hospital LOS, intubation, and use of adjunctive pharmacotherapy.</p> <p> Study sample: 60 received phenobarbital and 60 received lorazepam per CIWA-Ar.</p> <p> Phenobarbital protocol:</p> <ul> <li> <strong>Active DT: </strong>260 mg IV x 1 dose -> 97.2 mg PO TID x 6 doses -> 64.8 mg PO TID x 6 doses -> 32.4 mg PO TID x 6 doses</li> <li> <strong>History of DT: </strong>97.2 mg PO TID x 6 doses -> 64.8 mg PO TID x 6 doses -> 32.4 mg PO TID x 6 doses</li> <li> <strong>No history of DT: </strong>64.8 mg PO TID x 6 dose -> 32.4 mg PO TID x 6 doses.</li> </ul> <p> Results</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width:197px;"> <p> </p> </td> <td style="width:197px;"> <p align="center"> Phenobarbital</p> </td> <td style="width:197px;"> <p align="center"> CIWA-Ar</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:197px;"> <p> ICU LOS</p> </td> <td style="width:197px;"> <p align="center"> 2.4 days</p> </td> <td style="width:197px;"> <p align="center"> 4.4 days</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:197px;"> <p> Hospital LOS</p> </td> <td style="width:197px;"> <p align="center"> 4.3 days</p> </td> <td style="width:197px;"> <p align="center"> 6.9 days</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:197px;"> <p> Intubation</p> </td> <td style="width:197px;"> <p align="center"> 1 (2%)</p> </td> <td style="width:197px;"> <p align="center"> 14 (23%)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:197px;"> <p> Adjunctive agent use</p> </td> <td style="width:197px;"> <p align="center"> 4 (7%)</p> </td> <td style="width:197px;"> <p align="center"> 17 (27%)</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p> Conclusion</p> <p> Phenobarbital therapy appears to be a promising alternative therapy for AWS. However, additional studies are needed prior to adapting phenobarbital as first line agent for AWS management. </p> <fieldset><legend>References</legend>
<p> Tidwell WP et al. Treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome: phenobarbital vs. CIWA-Ar protocol. Am J Crit Care. 2018 Nov;27(6):454-460. PMID: 30385536.</p> </fieldset>