Title: Tracheostomy Emergencies<br/>Author: Mike Winters<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/141/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
<strong><u>A True Tracheostomy Emergency</u></strong></p>
<ul>
<li>
Patients with a tracheostomy often present to the ED for evaluation of a potential complication.</li>
<li>
Consider a tracheoarterial fistula in any patient with a tracheostomy who presents with brisk bleeding.</li>
<li>
Most occur within 3 to 4 weeks following tracheostomy placement, and the most common location is the innominate artery.</li>
<li>
Up to 50% of patients will present with a sentinel bleed - an episode of brisk bleeding that has usually stopped at the time of presentation.</li>
<li>
For patients who present with active hemorrhage, overinflate the tracheostomy cuff in an attempt to tamponade the bleeding.</li>
<li>
If that does not stop the bleeding, remove the tracheostomy and compress the artery against the poterior sternum with your finger.</li>
</ul>
<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
<p>
Przbylo JA, Wittels K, Wilcox SR. Respiratory distress in a patient with a tracheostomy. <em>J Emerg Med</em>. 2019; 56:97-101.</p>
</fieldset>