Title: Pediatric Behavioral and Mental Health in the Emergency Department<br/>Author: Rose Chasm<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/82/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><ul>
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Pediatric visits for behavioral and mental health issues is on the rise.</li>
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From 2008 to 2015, rates of PED visits for suicidal thoughts/attempts doubled.</li>
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Shortage of pediatric psychiatrists: 8,300 nationwide with a need for 30,000.</li>
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Deinstitionalized Movement of 1980's, has worsened this ED crisis-based culture.</li>
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50% of all mental illness begins by age 14.</li>
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1 in 5 children experience a mental disorder in a given year.</li>
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Aggressive or agitated behavior in pediatric patients is different from adults.</li>
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Children are more amenable to environmental and behavioral techniques, especially verbal de-escalation, once a trigger is identified.</li>
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If not successful, avoid physical restraints and consider medications instead.</li>
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Review current or previously prescribed medications, and consider extra/early/higher dosing. If naive to medications:</li>
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First line is Diphenhydramine.</li>
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Followed by Chlorpromazine, Risperidone, and Olanzapine</li>
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Thorazine should be avoided in children under 12 years due to extra-pyramidal effects.</li>
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Lorazapam not recommneded in children under 12 years, as it can cause disinhibition and worsen behavior.</li>
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Avoid sedating children with neurodevelopmental disorders as they can have paradoxical reactions to diphenhydramine and benzodiazepines, and antipsychotics sometimes are not as effective.</li>
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Boarding is common due to lack of resources, so starting treatment in the ED is imperative. </li>
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<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
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Hospitalization for Suicide Ideation or Attempt: 2008-2015. Pediatrics. Pelmons. 2018</p>
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Special Considerations in the Pediatric Psychiatric Population. Psychiatric Clinics. Santillanes 2017.</p>
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Sarah Edwards, DO. Medical & Program Director. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. University of Maryland School of Medicine. </p>
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