Title: How effective is intravenous lipid emulsion therapy?<br/>Author: Hong Kim<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/526/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p> Intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) is use as a therapy of last resort in refractory cardiovascular shock from toxicity of select agents (e.g. calcium channel blockers, beta blockers and select Na-channel blocking agents). There are number of case reports/series that showed positive cardiovascular/hemodynamic response after ILE, which are prone to publication bias. Results from limited number of human trials have shown mixed results.</p> <p> A study reviewed fatal cases of poisoning that received ILE from the National Poison Data System to characterize the clinical response of ILE therapy.</p> <p> <strong>Results</strong></p> <p> N=459 cases from 2010 to 2015.</p> <p> Most common substance involved</p> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width:156px;"> <p> </p> </td> <td style="width:156px;"> <p align="center"> N (%)</p> </td> <td style="width:156px;"> <p align="center"> Number with ROSC (%)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:156px;"> <p> Ca-channel blockers</p> </td> <td style="width:156px;"> <p align="center"> 183 (40)</p> </td> <td style="width:156px;"> <p align="center"> 8 (4.4)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:156px;"> <p> Beta blockers</p> </td> <td style="width:156px;"> <p align="center"> 102 (22)</p> </td> <td style="width:156px;"> <p align="center"> 5 (4.9)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:156px;"> <p> Bupropion*</p> </td> <td style="width:156px;"> <p align="center"> 53 (12)</p> </td> <td style="width:156px;"> <p align="center"> 5 (9.4)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:156px;"> <p> TCAs*</p> </td> <td style="width:156px;"> <p align="center"> 48 (10)</p> </td> <td style="width:156px;"> <p align="center"> 2 (4.2)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:156px;"> <p> Citalopram/escitalopram</p> </td> <td style="width:156px;"> <p align="center"> 36 (8)</p> </td> <td style="width:156px;"> <p align="center"> 0</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:156px;"> <p> Quetiapine</p> </td> <td style="width:156px;"> <p align="center"> 26 (6)</p> </td> <td style="width:156px;"> <p align="center"> 1 (3.8)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:156px;"> <p> Flecainide</p> </td> <td style="width:156px;"> <p align="center"> 21 (5)</p> </td> <td style="width:156px;"> <p align="center"> 5 (23.8)</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width:156px;"> <p> Local anesthetics – parenteral*</p> </td> <td style="width:156px;"> <p align="center"> 8 (2)</p> </td> <td style="width:156px;"> <p align="center"> 1 (12.5)</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> *Use of ILE supported by Lipid work group</p> <p> <strong>Response rate</strong></p> <ul> <li> No response: 45%</li> <li> Unknown response: 38%</li> <li> Transient/minimal response: 7%</li> <li> ROSC: 7%</li> <li> Immediate worsening: 3%</li> </ul> <p> <strong>Possible adverse reactions (n)</strong></p> <ul> <li> ARDS: 39</li> <li> Lipemia: 3</li> <li> Failure of CRRT filter: 2</li> <li> Worsening/new seizure: 2</li> <li> Asystole immediately after administration: 2</li> <li> Fat embolism: 1</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p> <strong>Conclusion</strong></p> <ul> <li> The number of failed cases of ILE therapy outnumbers the published cases of ILE success.</li> <li> Currently, there is a lack of data that shows the efficacy of ILE therapy.</li> </ul> <fieldset><legend>References</legend>
<div class="cit" style="font-size: 0.8465em; line-height: 1.45em; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;"> <span role="menubar"><a abstractlink="yes" alsec="jour" alterm="Clin Toxicol (Phila)." aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="true" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Utilization+of+lipid+emulsion+therapy+in+fatal+overdose+cases%3A+an+observational+study#" role="menuitem" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); border-bottom-width: 0px;" title="Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.).">Clin Toxicol (Phila).</a></span> 2019 Mar;57(3):197-202. doi: 10.1080/15563650.2018.1504954. Epub 2018 Sep 27.</div> <h1 style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0.5em 0px; line-height: 1.25em; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;"> <span class="highlight">Utilization</span> of <span class="highlight">lipid</span> <span class="highlight">emulsion</span> <span class="highlight">therapy</span> in <span class="highlight">fatal</span> <span class="highlight">overdose</span> <span class="highlight">cases</span>: an <span class="highlight">observational</span> <span class="highlight">study</span>.</h1> <div class="auths" style="font-size: 0.923em; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, clean, sans-serif;"> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Smolinske%20S%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=30260247" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); border-bottom-width: 0px;">Smolinske S</a><span style="font-size: 0.8461em; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;">1</span>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Hoffman%20RS%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=30260247" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); border-bottom-width: 0px;">Hoffman RS</a><span style="font-size: 0.8461em; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;">2</span>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Villeneuve%20E%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=30260247" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); border-bottom-width: 0px;">Villeneuve E</a><span style="font-size: 0.8461em; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;">3</span>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Hoegberg%20LCG%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=30260247" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); border-bottom-width: 0px;">Hoegberg LCG</a><span style="font-size: 0.8461em; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;">4</span>, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Gosselin%20S%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=30260247" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); border-bottom-width: 0px;">Gosselin S</a><span style="font-size: 0.8461em; line-height: 1.6363em; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; top: -0.5em;">5</span>.</div> </fieldset>