Title: PEA ... or is it? <br/>Author: Kami Windsor<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/742/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
</p>
<p>
When managing cardiac arrest, it is important to differentiate PEA, the presence of organized electrical activity without a pulse, from "pseudo-PEA,"where there is no pulse but there <em>IS</em> cardiac activity visualized on ultrasound. </p>
<p>
</p>
<p>
Why: </p>
<ul>
<li>
Pseudo-PEA is essentially a profound, low-flow shock state that often has reversible causes, such as hypovolemia, massive PE, tension pneumothorax, etcetera.</li>
<li>
Compared to PEA, with appropriate care patients with pseudo-PEA have a higher rate of ROSC as well as overall survival.</li>
</ul>
<p>
How: </p>
<ul>
<li>
POCUS during rhythm check in cardiac arrest. Be careful not to prolong the pause in compressions; acquire the US, if needed, for review once hands are back on the chest. </li>
</ul>
<p>
What:</p>
<ul>
<li>
In addition to searching for & addressing reversible causes of the pseudo-PEA, manage the profound shock state with pressors and/or inotropic support.</li>
<li>
In EDs where TEE is utilized during cardiac arrest resuscitations, strongly consider synchronization of external compressions with intrinsic cardiac activity to potentially improve ventricular filling and therefore coronary perfusion pressure.</li>
</ul>
<p>
</p>
<p>
<u>Bottom Line</u>: Pseudo-PEA is different from PEA. Utilize POCUS during your cardiac arrests to identify it and to help diagnose reversible causes, and treat it as a profound shock state with the appropriate supportive measures, i.e. pressors or inotropy. </p>
<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
<p>
Rabjohns J, Quan T, Boniface K, Pourmand A. Pseudo-pulseless electrical activity in the emergency department, an evidence based approach. <em>Am J Emerg Med</em>. 2019. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2019.158503</p>
</fieldset>