Title: When Benzodiazepines Fail in Status Epilepticus<br/>Author: WanTsu Wendy Chang<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/1322/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><ul style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: -webkit-standard;"> <li> <span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Up to 1/3 of status epilepticus do not respond to benzodiazepines.</span></span></li> <li> <span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Fosphenytoin, valproate, and levetiracetam are 3 antiepileptic medications commonly used to treat benzodiazepine-resistant status epilepticus, though it is unclear which is more effective.</span></span></li> <li> <span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Results from the long awaited Established Status Epilepticus Treatment Trial (ESETT) has just been released.</span></span></li> <li> <span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><u>Fosphenytoin, valproate, and levetiracetam each achieved seizure cessation within 1 hour in approximately 50% of patients.</u></span></span> <ul> <li> <span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">80% of responders had seizure cessation within 20 minutes.</span></span></li> </ul> </li> <li> <span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Seizure recurrence was observed in 10% of each treatment group.</span></span></li> <li> <span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">It is important to note the dosages of antiepileptic medications used were:</span></span> <ul> <li> <span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><em>Fosphenytoin 20 mg PE/kg, max 1500 mg </em></span></span></li> <li> <span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><em>Valproate 40 mg/kg, max 3000 mg</em></span></span></li> <li> <span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><em>Levetiracetam 60 mg/kg, max 4500 mg</em></span></span></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> <span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><strong><u>Bottom Line</u>:</strong> Fosphenytoin, valproate, and levetiracetaim have similar efficacy in treatment of benzodiazepine-resistant status epilepticus.</span></span></p> <fieldset><legend>References</legend>
<p> <span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Kapur J, Elm J, Chamberlain JM, <em>et al.</em></span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> Randomized trial of three anticonvulsant medications for status epilepticus. <em>N Engl J Med</em>. </span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2019;381:2013-13.</span></p> <p style="text-align: center;"> <em><strong><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Follow me on Twitter @EM_NCC</span></strong></em></p> </fieldset>