Title: Taking an accurate history to diagnose Cauda Equina Syndrome (CES)<br/>Author: Brian Corwell<br/><a href='http://umem.org/profiles/faculty/294/'>[Click to email author]</a><hr/><p>
Taking an accurate history to diagnose Cauda Equina Syndrome (CES)</p>
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Classic teaching is to inquire specifically about bowel and bladder function, sexual dysfunction, and/or loss of sensation in the groin.</p>
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Rather than asking about urinary incontinence, clinicians should ask specifically about difficulty passing urine, new leakage and retention.</p>
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Discussing issues related to sexual dysfunction are difficult for both clinicians and patients.</p>
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Rather than asking if there are any issues with sexual function, a more direct and informative way would be to ask if the patient has a “change in ability to achieve an erection or ejaculate” or “loss of sensation in genitals during sexual intercourse.”</p>
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Saddle anesthesia has the highest predictive value in diagnosing MRI-proven CES. Loss of sensation may be incomplete and patchy. Ask about change in sensation with wiping after a bowel movement.</p>
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<fieldset><legend>References</legend>
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Greenhalgh S, Truman C, Webster V, Selfe J. Development of a toolkit for early identification of cauda equina syndrome. <em>Prim Health Care Res Dev</em>. 2016;17(6):559-567. </p>
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